The hifi guys are more nuts on this subject, but I'll give
you in a capsule the more-or-less accepted rules of thumb. I do
hate to see the hifi tweako mystique infiltrating the musical
and effects arena... sigh...
For tonal qualities, caps are largely chosen by their dielectric
absorption.
The semi-accepted order is:
teflon - thought to sound ultimately clear, use for circuit boards
too
polystyrene - ditto
polycarbonate - ditto minus a hair
polypropylene - ditto, plus available in uF sizes
polyester (mylar) - Ok if you can't get something better, not
a lot worse than the
other plastic films, and much better than those lower in the list
NPO ceramic - only available in tiny sizes
aluminum electrolytic - the accepted standard for uF and
up sizes simply on $ and size
paper - obsolete, can't get them anymore
thought to be "tweedy" or some such
other ceramic types - thought to sound "grainy"
tantalum - unreliable and thought to sound
grainy
Above teflon is vacuum then air, which are impractical for all
normal circuits. There exist other exotica, like glass dielectric
capacitors for special purposes.
There are capacitance size and voltage limits, obviously. 100uF
polystyrene caps don't exist, while aluminum is barely working
up a sweat at 100uF. Likewise, there are no 1000V aluminums, but
1Kv ceramics are easy and cheap. Also the construction of the
capacitor, whether stacked, rolled, folded, extended tab, etc.,
etc., can have real effects (as distinguished from silliness like
cryogenic stress relief or water jacketing).
I personally have staged a couple of capacitor shootouts, and
haven't yet found someone who could tell simply by listening whether
they were hearing music through a polypropylene versus ceramic,
although I don't doubt that someone might be able to.
"Best sounding in FX" is not something you can nail
down, as you will find that each person may perceive "better"
and "best" as meaning something different. I'd be willing
to make a significant bet with you that I could set up a test
where I changed only the capacitor and you would not be able to
do more than 50% +/- 2% correct telling the caps apart by sound
alone.
IMHO you would be wasting your money chasing down and buying super
premium caps for effects. Use mylar and aluminum, get it working,
and when it's going good, substitute out for some super-premium
stuff until you satisfy your curiosity. On the other hand, don't
just use the high-value ceramic caps for audio coupling (even
though many highly sought after vintage effects did exactly this).
There are people who disagree with me strenuously, even violently.